Enhanced Photocatalytic and Anticancer Activity of Zn-Doped BaTiO3 Nanoparticles Prepared through a Green Approach Using Banana Peel Extract

Perovskite barium titanate (BaTiO3) has received a lot of interest due to its extraordinary dielectric and ferroelectric properties, along with moderate biocompatibility. Here, we investigated how Zn doping tuned the physicochemical characteristics, photocatalytic activity, anticancer potential BaTiO3 nanoparticles synthesized from banana peel extract. XRD, TEM, SEM, EDS, XPS, BET, Raman, PL were utilized characterize as-synthesized pure (1 3 mol%)-doped nanoparticles. All samples showed evidence tetragonal phase, XRD patterns Zn-doped presence peak. The particle size decreased increasing levels without morphological changes. After doping, intensity decreased, suggesting lower electron–hole recombination rate. BET analysis found that surface area was higher than BaTiO3. Under visible irradiation, activity compared, remarkable 85% (3%)-doped measured. As result, are recognized as excellent photocatalysts for degrading organic pollutants. According cytotoxicity data, display four-fold greater against human lung carcinoma (A549) It also observed kill cancer cells by intracellular level reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, compared BaTiO3, nanostructure better cytocompatibility in non-cancerous fibroblasts (IMR90). have reduced size, increased area, rate, which highly beneficial enhanced activity. Overall, current data green-fabricated Zn-BaTiO3 superior effects improved biocompatibility those This work underlines significance utilizing agricultural waste (e.g., fruit peel) fabrication BaTiO3-based nanostructures, hold great promise biomedical environmental applications.